{"id":12371,"date":"2025-05-07T16:54:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T16:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ireneeng.com\/?p=12371"},"modified":"2025-05-09T21:10:19","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T21:10:19","slug":"unequal-treaties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ireneeng.com\/?p=12371","title":{"rendered":"Unequal treaties"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Checking on Treaty of Wanghia (Wangxia), saw an unfamiliar item, listing first:<\/p>\n

Type<\/strong> \u00a0Bilateral \/ Unequal<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Googling how many unequal treaties did Qing china sign<\/em>, AI returns<\/p>\n

The exact number of treaties considered “unequal” and signed by Qing China is difficult to determine, as the term itself is not clearly defined and there are varying interpretations. However, several major treaties are commonly cited as examples of unequal treaties: the Treaty of Nanking (1842), the Treaty of Tianjin (1858), and the Convention of Peking (1860). These treaties, along with others, opened China to foreign trade, granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, and led to territorial losses.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

I immediately checked the three the AI has mentioned, none of them has item Type<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

I’ve written a few articles for wikipedia and \u00a0understand that everyone can alter\/update … but I’m still amused at seeing only the American one has the unequal treaty type, when it was overlooked by AI. In fact, not many Chinese knew of Treaty of Wangxia but all know or knew of the major three the AI has mentioned.
\n\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1842<\/a> Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing)<\/li>\n
  2. 1844<\/a> Treaty of Wanghia (Wangxia) Type<\/strong> Bilateral \/ Unequal<\/li>\n
  3. 1858<\/a> Treaty of Tientsin (Tianjin)<\/li>\n
  4. 1860<\/a> Convention of Peking (Beijing)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e2d\u6587<\/p>\n